Gum disease

The medical term for a mild gum disease is Gingivitis. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums or gingiva and is commonly caused by plaque or bacteria that accumulate on the teeth. Gingivitis is a non-destructive form of periodontal disease, but if left untreated it can progress to a Periodontitis which is very serious and may lead to loss of teeth.

Common signs of Gingivitis are red and swollen gums or gingiva that bleed when we brush our teeth. In mild cases patients may be unaware that they have a Gingivitis because the symptoms are so minor. However, it is a serious condition and must be treated immediately.

Gingivitis can be easily cured with good oral hygiene such as longer and more frequent brushing and flossing along with the use of antiseptic mouthwash. However, plaque that is not removed adequately can harden into calculus or tartar at the base of the teeth along the gums. Calculus can only be removed professionally. Other causes and risk factors for Gingivitis include:

• Changes in hormones that occur during pregnancy, puberty and menopause
• Diseases such as Cancer, Diabetes and HIV have a higher risk of Gingivitis
• Certain drugs can cause abnormal growth of gum tissue with increased risk of Gingivitis
• Smokers are more at risk for Gum disease than non-smokers
• The risk of Gingivitis increases with age
• Poor diet can lead to increased risk of Gingivitis such as seen in Vitamin C deficiency

Early diagnosis and detection of Gingivitis is very important to treat the disease and prevent the progression of the Gingivitis to a Periodontitis. I recommend the following steps to prevent and treat Gingivitis:

• Visit a Dentist at least once every 12 months to check for any signs and symptoms of Gingivitis or any other form of Gum Disease.
• Get a professional clean from a Dentist or Oral Hygienist once every 12 months
• Brush the teeth at least twice a day and clean between the teeth with Dental Floss once a day
• Use an electronic toothbrush if possible
• Regularly rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash.

Hope you all found this helpful. Next month we will discuss the progression of Gingivitis to a Periodontitis and the potential effects on your teeth and gums, but also your body in general.

Kind regards,

Dr Ruan Rademeyer